If you glance through the proof, you will see that it is highly computational, but it uses nothing more advanced or complicated than the theorem of Pythagoras.
The link I gave earlier takes you to the original "pure geometry" proof given by Archimedes, but it shows the congruence only of $\omega_4$ and $\omega_5$. The above proof establishes that $\omega_7$ too has the same radius.
I close with a rather challenging question:
(Here, "geometrically" means that we work only with Euclidean instruments.)
Given the configuration with circles $\omega_1$, $\omega_2$ and $\omega_3$, how will you geometrically construct circles $\omega_4$, $\omega_5$, $\omega_6$ and $\omega_7$?
(Here, "geometrically" means that we work only with Euclidean instruments.)
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